ИССЛЕДОВАНИЕ АКТИВНОСТИ И УСТОЙЧИВОСТИ НИКЕЛЕВЫХ КАТАЛИЗАТОРОВ ГИДРИРОВАНИЯ ПОЛУЧЕННЫХ ПРИ ПОМОЩИ МЕХАНОАКТИВАЦИИ
Аннотация
В работе исследованы активность и устойчивость никелевых катализаторов, синтезированных методом механоактивации (МА), в реакции жидкофазного гидрирования диэтилового эфира малеиновой кислоты (ДЭМК). Показано, что нормированные начальные скорости реакции при степенях превращения <5 % являются надежным индикатором ак-тивности и позволяют корректно рассчитывать частоту оборота (TOF). Количество ак-тивных центров определяли методом рентгеновской фотоэлектронной спектроскопии. Ус-тойчивость катализаторов оценивали по времени снижения активности в два раза с расче-том числа оборотов (TON). Установлено, что катализаторы, полученные методом МА, пре-восходят по активности и долговечности как промышленный скелетный никель, так и ана-логичные Ni/SiO₂-катализаторы, синтезированные пропиточным методом. Наибольшую ус-тойчивость продемонстрировал катализатор Ni (25 % масс.)/SiO₂ с модификатором NH₄NO₃ (TOF = 0,50 с⁻¹, TON = 12307), что связано с повышенной дисперсностью металла и усиленным взаимодействием металл–носитель. Показано, что увеличение содержания Ni, энергии механо-активации и использование NH₄NO₃ в качестве модификатора способствуют росту устойчи-вости. Метод МА позволяет целенаправленно регулировать структурно-текстурные характе-ристики катализатора, снижает ресурсозатраты и количество отходов, что делает его пер-спективным для промышленного применения в процессах гидрирования.
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