СОЦИАЛЬНО-ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ХАРАКТЕРИСТИКИ МАЛЫХ ГОРОДОВ РАЗНЫХ ТИПОВ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ ИВАНОВСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ)
Аннотация
Отражена роль малых городов в территориальной структуре хозяйства РФ. Рассматриваются концепции развития малого города: «муниципалитет как корпорация», «муниципалитет как социум». концепция городизации, концепция экоурбанизации. Рассматриваются подходы к выделению типов малых городов по их происхождению, демографическим, экономическим, институциональным характеристикам. Дана характеристика малых городов Ивановской области. Проанализирована численность населения 14 малых городов Ивановской области за период 1959–2021 гг. по материалам переписей населения. Выделены тенденции демографического развития трех городов Вичуга, Кохма, Тейково как наиболее крупных малых городов Ивановской области с численностью населения более 30 тысяч человек. Рассмотрены особенности социально-экономического развития малого города Вичуга, которому присвоен статус моногорода. Проанализированы основные показатели социального и экономического развития малых городов Вичуга, Кохма, Тейково, рассчитан уровень дифференциации по 5 показателям. Перечислены базовые предприятия, отмечены направления специализации экономики обследуемых городов. Выделены общие и частные проблемы обследуемых малых городов, отраженные в их стратегиях социально-экономического развития, в том числе демографические, связанные с рынком труда, доходами и безопасностью населения, развитием социальной и инженерной инфраструктуры, инвестиционной привлекательностью, конкурентоспособностью производимой промышленной продукции, бюджетной обеспеченностью. Представлен сравнительный анализ городских программ социально-экономического развития, сгруппированный по направлениям муниципальных деятельности администраций
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